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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SHOX</span></h1>
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<table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Protein_Short_stature_homeobox" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Protein">
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Short stature homeobox
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;;">Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
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<td><a href="Isoform" title="Isoform">Isoformen</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">SHOXA, SHOXB
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Bezeichner
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<td><a href="Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Gen-Name</a>
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<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=10853">SHOX</a></i>
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<td>Externe IDs
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<ul><li><a href="Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/312865">312865</a></li></ul>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Vorkommen
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Übergeordnetes <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxon</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="Coelomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Coelomata">Coelomata</a>
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<td colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122; text-align:center;"><a href="Homologie_(Genetik)#Homologie_zwischen_verdoppelten_oder_fremden_Genen" title="Homologie (Genetik)">Orthologe</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Mensch
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Haushund
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Entrez_Gene" title="Entrez Gene">Entrez</a>
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=6473&rn=1">6473</a></span>
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=491706&rn=1">491706</a></span>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Ensembl" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a>
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<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000185960;db=core">ENSG00000185960</a></small></small></span>
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<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSCAFG00000010966;db=core">ENSCAFG00000010966</a></small></small></span>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O15266">O15266</a>
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q4KPC9">Q4KPC9</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (mRNA)
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000451">NM_000451</a>
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=XM_850533">XM_850533</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (Protein)
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000442">NP_000442</a>
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=XP_855626">XP_855626</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Genlocus" title="Genlocus">Genlocus</a>
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<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&position=chrX:505079-527558">Chr X: 0.51 – 0.53 Mb</a> </span>
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<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=Dog&position=chrX:379875-389084">Chr X: 0.38 – 0.39 Mb</a> </span>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>-Suche
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=6473">6473</a></span>
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=491706">491706</a></span>
<p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Short stature homeobox gene</b> oder <b>SHOX</b> ist ein <a href="Gen" title="Gen">Gen</a> auf dem <a href="X-Chromosom" title="X-Chromosom">X</a>- und dem <a href="Y-Chromosom" title="Y-Chromosom">Y-Chromosom</a>. <a href="Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutationen</a> in SHOX oder das Vorliegen in nur einer Kopie im Genom (<a href="Haploinsuffizienz" title="Haploinsuffizienz">Haploinsuffizienz</a>) sind beim Menschen mit <a href="Kleinwuchs" title="Kleinwuchs">Kleinwuchs</a> assoziiert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funktion">Funktion</h2></div>
<p>Das SHOX Gen ist ein <a href="Hom%C3%B6obox" title="Homöobox">Homöobox</a>-Gen. Dies sind Gene, die bei der <a href="Embryonalentwicklung" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonalentwicklung">Embryonalentwicklung</a> für die Organisation des Körperbaus bedeutsam sind. Das SHOX-Gen besteht aus 6 verschiedenen <a href="Exon" title="Exon">Exons</a> und ist in der <a href="Pseudoautosomale_Region" title="Pseudoautosomale Region">Pseudoautosomale Region</a> (PAR1) des X- und Y-Chromosoms lokalisiert. <a href="Homologie_(Biologie)" title="Homologie (Biologie)">Homologe</a> Gene wurden bei verschiedenen Tieren gefunden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathologie">Pathologie</h2></div>
<p>Dieses Gen wurde im Rahmen von Untersuchungen zur Genetik des <a href="Turner-Syndrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Turner-Syndrom">Turner-Syndroms</a> entdeckt. Bei dieser Krankheit gibt es einen Verlust von genetischem Material des X-Chromosoms, typischerweise durch ein Fehlen des kompletten X-Chromosoms.<sup id="cite_ref-titleSHOX_–_short_stature_homeobox_–_Genetics_Home_Reference_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titleSHOX_–_short_stature_homeobox_–_Genetics_Home_Reference-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Nach seiner Entdeckung wurde festgestellt, dass SHOX auch bei anderen Erkrankungen die mit einem Kleinwuchs einhergehen, eine Rolle spielt. Dies sind vor allem die <a href="Dyschondrosteose_L%C3%A9ri_Weill" title="Dyschondrosteose Léri Weill">Dyschondrosteose Léri Weill</a> und die <a href="Mesomele_Dysplasie_Typ_Langer" title="Mesomele Dysplasie Typ Langer">Mesomele Dysplasie Typ Langer</a> sowie <a href="SHOX-bedingter_Kleinwuchs" title="SHOX-bedingter Kleinwuchs">SHOX-bedingter Kleinwuchs</a>.
</p><p>Gendosis-Effekte von zusätzlichen SHOX-Kopien spielen möglicherweise eine Rolle beim Zustandekommen des Hochwuches bei anderen <a href="Aneuploidie" title="Aneuploidie">Aneuploidien</a> der Geschlechtschromosomen wie beispielsweise <a href="Triplo-X-Syndrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Triplo-X-Syndrom">Triplo-X-Syndrom</a>, <a href="XYY-Syndrom" title="XYY-Syndrom">XYY-Syndrom</a>, <a href="Klinefelter-Syndrom" title="Klinefelter-Syndrom">Klinefelter-Syndrom</a>, 48, XXYY-Syndrom etc.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14752208_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14752208-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-titleSHOX_–_short_stature_homeobox_–_Genetics_Home_Reference-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-titleSHOX_–_short_stature_homeobox_–_Genetics_Home_Reference_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene=shox"><i>SHOX – short stature homeobox – Genetics Home Reference.</i></a> U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1. September 2005,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 18. Februar 2008</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASHOX&rft.title=SHOX+%E2%80%93+short+stature+homeobox+%E2%80%93+Genetics+Home+Reference&rft.description=SHOX+%E2%80%93+short+stature+homeobox+%E2%80%93+Genetics+Home+Reference&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fghr.nlm.nih.gov%2Fgene%3Dshox&rft.publisher=U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2005-09-01"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pmid14752208-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid14752208_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Kanaka-Gantenbein, S. Kitsiou, A. Mavrou, L. Stamoyannou, A. Kolialexi, K. Kekou, M. Liakopoulou, G. Chrousos: <cite style="font-style:italic">Tall stature, insulin resistance, and disturbed behavior in a girl with the triple X syndrome harboring three SHOX genes: offspring of a father with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome but with two maternal X chromosomes</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Horm. Res.</cite> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>61</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5</span>, 2004, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>205–210</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000076532">10.1159/000076532</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752208?dopt=Abstract">PMID 14752208</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SHOX&rft.atitle=Tall+stature%2C+insulin+resistance%2C+and+disturbed+behavior+in+a+girl+with+the+triple+X+syndrome+harboring+three+SHOX+genes%3A+offspring+of+a+father+with+mosaic+Klinefelter+syndrome+but+with+two+maternal+X+chromosomes&rft.au=C.+Kanaka-Gantenbein%2C+S.+Kitsiou%2C+A.+Mavrou%2C+...&rft.date=2004&rft.doi=10.1159%2F000076532&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Horm.+Res.&rft.pages=205-210&rft.pmid=14752208&rft.volume=61" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>A. Ballabio, B. Bardoni, R. Carrozzo u. a.: <i>Contiguous gene syndromes due to deletions in the distal short arm of the human X chromosome.</i> In: <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</i> vol. 86, 24, 1990, S. 10001–10005. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2602357?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2602357</a></li>
<li>S. K. Leka, S. Kitsiou-Tzeli, A. Kalpini-Mavrou, E. Kanavakis: <i>Short stature and dysmorphology associated with defects in the SHOX gene.</i> In: <i>Hormones.</i> (Athens, Greece). vol. 5, 2, 2006, S. 107–118. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16807223?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16807223</a></li>
<li>S. Bernasconi, S. Mariani, C. Falcinelli u. a.: <i>SHOX gene in Leri-Weill syndrome and in idiopathic short stature.</i> In: <i>J. Endocrinol. Invest.</i> vol. 24, 9, 2002, S. 737–741. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11716161?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11716161</a></li>
<li>E. Rao, B. Weiss, M. Fukami u. a.: <i>Pseudoautosomal deletions encompassing a novel homeobox gene cause growth failure in idiopathic short stature and Turner syndrome.</i> In: <i>Nat. Genet.</i> vol. 16, 1, 1997, S. 54–63. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9140395?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9140395</a></li>
<li>D. J. Shears, H. J. Vassal, F. R. Goodman u. a.: <i>Mutation and deletion of the pseudoautosomal gene SHOX cause Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis.</i> In: <i>Nat. Genet.</i> vol. 19, 1, 1998, S. 70–73. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9590293?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9590293</a></li>
<li>E. Rao, R. J. Blaschke, A. Marchini u. a.: <i>The Leri-Weill and Turner syndrome homeobox gene SHOX encodes a cell-type specific transcriptional activator.</i> In: <i>Hum. Mol. Genet.</i> vol. 10, 26, 2002, S. 3083–3091. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11751690?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11751690</a></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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